how come ~= and == means the same thing
They are not the same, but are similar in many cases.
In particular, == is an equality operator, used mainly by Equatable protocol. While ~= is a pattern matching operator, and is picked up by just about any pattern matching control flow, switch, if case, etc.
Now, since Equatable implements ~= by default, most == imply ~= of the same meaning, but there are cases where only ~= is appropriate, such as Range.~=.
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