I believe we're hitting this as well, one of our developers looked into this a bit and got the following stack trace when hitting a breakpoint with a locally built lldb:
From the following part of the stack trace it appears that the non-dSYM DWARF loader calls GetTypeSystemForLanguage for Swift which triggers Clang modules to be built. Using dSYMS seems to workaround this regression (presumably by avoiding this call) but at the cost of slower incremental builds.
frame #16: 0x000000011b1982c3 LLDB`swift::MemoryBufferSerializedModuleLoader::loadModule(this=0x00007fb7f0138dd0, importLoc=<unavailable>, path=<unavailable>) at SerializedModuleLoader.cpp:925:8 [opt]
frame #17: 0x000000011b3084a4 LLDB`swift::ASTContext::getModuleByName(llvm::StringRef) at ASTContext.cpp:1756:35 [opt]
frame #18: 0x000000011b30844d LLDB`swift::ASTContext::getModuleByName(this=0x00007fb7e35a3600, ModuleName=(Data = 0x0000000000000000, Length = 0)) at ASTContext.cpp:1772 [opt]
frame #19: 0x000000011a0e9ae5 LLDB`lldb_private::SwiftASTContext::GetModule(this=0x00007fb7e5631620, module=0x00007ffee2b14930, error=0x00007ffee2b148f8) at SwiftASTContext.cpp:3761:41 [opt]
frame #20: 0x000000011a0e5fca LLDB`lldb_private::SwiftASTContext::ValidateSectionModules(this=0x00007fb7e5631620, module=0x00007fb8b2c20ac8, module_names=<unavailable>) at SwiftASTContext.cpp:4349:10 [opt]
frame #21: 0x000000011a0e2418 LLDB`lldb_private::SwiftASTContext::CreateInstance(language=<unavailable>, module=<unavailable>, target=<unavailable>, fallback=<unavailable>) at SwiftASTContext.cpp:1795:19 [opt]
frame #22: 0x000000011a0e8aeb LLDB`CreateTypeSystemInstance(language=<unavailable>, module=<unavailable>, target=<unavailable>, extra_options=<unavailable>) at SwiftASTContext.cpp:2264:12 [opt]
frame #23: 0x000000011a0d1b76 LLDB`lldb_private::TypeSystemMap::GetTypeSystemForLanguage(lldb::LanguageType, lldb_private::Module*, bool) at TypeSystem.cpp:59:9 [opt]
frame #24: 0x000000011a0d1b32 LLDB`lldb_private::TypeSystemMap::GetTypeSystemForLanguage(lldb::LanguageType, lldb_private::Module*, bool) [inlined] lldb_private::TypeSystem::CreateInstance(language=eLanguageTypeSwift, module=0x00007fb8b2c20ac8) at TypeSystem.cpp:69 [opt]
frame #25: 0x000000011a0d1b32 LLDB`lldb_private::TypeSystemMap::GetTypeSystemForLanguage(this=<unavailable>, language=<unavailable>, module=0x00007fb8b2c20ac8, can_create=<unavailable>) at TypeSystem.cpp:299 [opt]
frame #26: 0x0000000119fa67fe LLDB`lldb_private::Module::GetTypeSystemForLanguage(this=<unavailable>, language=<unavailable>) at Module.cpp:360:28 [opt]
frame #27: 0x000000011a0c3b94 LLDB`lldb_private::SymbolFile::GetTypeSystemForLanguage(this=0x00007fb8b2c0b0c0, language=<unavailable>) at SymbolFile.cpp:95:34 [opt]
frame #28: 0x000000011a4965c7 LLDB`SymbolFileDWARF::GetTypeSystemForLanguage(this=0x00007fb7f546d400, language=<unavailable>) at SymbolFileDWARF.cpp:436:31 [opt]
frame #29: 0x000000011a4980d4 LLDB`SymbolFileDWARF::ParseFunction(this=0x00007fb7f546d400, comp_unit=0x00007fb7e562f9b8, die=0x00007ffee2b15128) at SymbolFileDWARF.cpp:805:7 [opt]
frame #30: 0x000000011a49d1a6 LLDB`SymbolFileDWARF::ResolveSymbolContext(this=0x00007fb7f546d400, so_addr=0x00007ffee2b15190, resolve_scope=eSymbolContextEverything, sc=0x00007ffee2b15310) at SymbolFileDWARF.cpp:1874:33 [opt]
frame #31: 0x000000011a4acc66 LLDB`SymbolFileDWARFDebugMap::ResolveSymbolContext(this=0x00007fb8b2c0b0c0, exe_so_addr=<unavailable>, resolve_scope=eSymbolContextEverything, sc=0x00007ffee2b15310) at SymbolFileDWARFDebugMap.cpp:791:48 [opt]
frame #32: 0x0000000119fa6c99 LLDB`lldb_private::Module::ResolveSymbolContextForAddress(this=0x00007fb8b2c20ac8, so_addr=0x00007ffee2b153b0, resolve_scope=eSymbolContextEverything, sc=0x00007ffee2b15310, resolve_tail_call_address=false) at Module.cpp:472:20 [opt]
frame #33: 0x0000000119f7137b LLDB`lldb_private::Address::CalculateSymbolContext(this=0x00007ffee2b153b0, sc=0x00007ffee2b15310, resolve_scope=eSymbolContextEverything) const at Address.cpp:808:31 [opt]