Yes, this is misleading. The documentation you quote from was last touched four years ago, and the edge cases you and I have enumerated above were fixed two years later. See also the corresponding bug.
That pull request I linked to in my previous post was merged only three months ago; it corrected a glaringly out-of-date documentation example originally written when AnyHashable was first added to the standard library, but did not update the rest of the documentation.
To be fair, the type does forward the hashing operation to an underlying value (_box._canonicalBox), just not the one you're probably thinking of (_box._base). I think it would be fair to file a bug against the outdated documentation.