Yeah, I wanted to suggest the same, but it was already mentioned above by Ben Cohen. Together with the type annotation shorthand I think it’s so close to the proposed syntax that it’s not worth improving on.
Switch/case statements use pattern matching (which is what I was suggesting in the syntax) as opposed to equality checks. They happen to be the same in the example, but they wouldn't always.
In my suggestion, the order would matter (just like a switch statement), whereas a dictionary has undefined order and doesn't allow overlap.