The new APIs weren't implemented with back deployment in mind yet, but it seems possible that they could provide a back-deployed implementation using existing functionality in older versions of the concurrency runtime. It'd be worth filing a bug report asking to make these APIs back deployable.
Thanks for taking your question here! As @Joe_Groff pointed out it might still be possible to make these APIs back deployable. You can file a bug report over in the GitHub repository of Swift: Sign in to GitHub · GitHub
Also @ktoso who was the original author of the proposal and might have extra context here.
I'd like to play around with the current state of affairs. Is there a self-contained example anywhere that e.g., reimplements @MainActor using a custom executor as a starting point?
The code is available in current betas because the proposal was accepted and merged. Take an Xcode and use an unownedExecutor in an actor and you're good to go.