There's two problems here - one Swift and one SwiftUI.
Your SwiftUI problem is that your @State's initalValue should be a constant:
The Swift problem (the reason it won't compile) is this line:
_selectedSoilTypes[bore] = State(initialValue: ...)
Before you assign a value to the _selectedSoilTypes array at an index, you need to initialize the _selectedSoilTypes array.
So you’d need a line like this to satisfy the compiler:
// This will compile but still has the SwiftUI problem
_selectedSoilTypes = State(initalValue: ...)
Only after you give the array a value can you assign to the indices. But again, even it you get it to compile with this method the UI will not work correctly - you shouldn't assign the @State's initialValue in your init. I'm not sure exactly what you're trying to do here without more context so I'm not sure what to suggest instead.