That's a future direction for exit tests (which, to be clear, are still an experimental feature.) As of right now, all those failure modes are programmatically indistinguishable—they all call through to swift::fatalErrorv() which may or may not log something, then calls abort().
We'd need to refactor those functions in the stdlib to pass some "who am I?" value down and provide a hook in the runtime to extract that value before it's called. That's technically feasible, but beyond the scope of the feature right now.
I can update the draft pitch to include this as a a future direction.