Ugh, the whole directory structure mess :-(. This is directly related to the Swift Linux layout considerations thread.
/Library/Developer/Platforms/Android.platform/Developer/SDKs/Android.sdk/usr/lib/swift/android/libswiftCore.so is the actual location in the SDK that you find libswiftCore.so. Im still not certain why its looking for it by absolute path.
You could try adding a library search path for it and seeing if that helps. It could also be an errant RPATH entry in the binary? The debug output seems unrelated.