When I tried to do this ~6 months ago, there wasn’t any way. So what I did was use the macro to verify that the correct attributes were applied (as they are visible to the macro), and apply an error to the declaration (I think you can add a fixit too).
It would be nice if we could apply annotations with macros someday, it would make them more composable - just like how we can compose multiple protocols into one via protocol Foo: Bar, Baz