Add an `adjacentPairs` algorithm to Sequence

@Karl I think the example of split in specific eagerly returns an array, falls into a rule of eager vs lazy in the stdlib where all things should be lazy if there isn't a big downside for doing that, in this case, the downside I think is the fact that split takes a closure which has to be stored in the specific lazy type ... so that's maybe the why it returns an eager array :)) I remember @Ben_Cohen mention this a long time ago here